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Low input voltage power adapter for notebook computers and portable electronic devices

source:power adapter     Popular:adapter     release time:2021-04-27 10:41:18     Article author:sznbone    

  In recent years, the development of notebook computers and portable electronic devices has prompted the formation of a new branch in the field of power conversion. This branch consists of a low-voltage input, battery-powered Boot, Buck, or polarity conversion power adapter. Its circuit is basically integrated in a chip, and the required external components are only an inductor, a capacitor and a diode, plus 3 to 5 small resistors.

Low input voltage power adapter for notebook computers and portable electronic devices(图1)

  Because the operating frequency of these chips is 60~500kH, the external capacitance and inductance are very small. The difference between these chips and the commonly used PwM control circuit is that they have a main power switch transistor inside. Because these chips are powered by batteries, the output and input do not need to be isolated. This saves components related to output voltage detection and input pulse width control (such as photoelectric combiner pulse transformer and grounded auxiliary output power supply).

  Its output power range is 05-100W, which is determined by the manufacturer's circuit topology and input and output voltage requirements. Its efficiency can reach 80%-95%, thereby reducing the volume of the thermal system, and for equipment with a large output power range, it is not necessary to dare to heat the system at all. For different products of manufacturers, the input voltage range of Bo power adapter is 3~60V, and that of Buck power adapter is 4~60V.

  In addition to being used as a 24V1A power adapter powered by an independent battery, these devices can also be used in other power system designs, such as a distributed power system with multiple output isolated power supplies. This circuit design is simple, the development cycle is short, and the cost is relatively low. Lower. Therefore, the traditional isolated power supply can be designed to have a secondary output of +5V voltage and large current. Other auxiliary voltages can be generated by two methods, the specific method used is determined by the output power. When a lower power auxiliary output is required, the +5V voltage can be connected to the required point, and the aforementioned Boot power adapter can be used to increase the +5V to the required output value. Boost power adapter can also convert +5V input voltage into negative auxiliary output voltage. When a higher power auxiliary output is needed, add another auxiliary output of about +24V and connect it to the required point. Although this will make the price a little bit more expensive, the efficiency will be significantly improved. Then use the aforementioned Buck power adapter chip to reduce the voltage at this point to the required auxiliary output voltage.

  Compared with the traditional method of generating auxiliary output by adding auxiliary secondary windings to the main power transformer, this method may be less economical, and from the perspective of power loss, its efficiency is also low, but it can be made isolated The advantages of multiple output power supplies make up for their shortcomings, which will be discussed in detail below.

  Low input voltage chip power adapter supplier

  The chip modules discussed above are mainly provided by several American manufacturers. Typical representatives are Linear Technology in Milpitas, California and Maxim Integrated Products in Sunnyvale, California. The following will introduce their products in detail. Texas Instruments (Texas Instrument) and Motorola (Motorola) also produce some chips in this area, but I won't discuss them here.

  Here only discuss the application of chips, and introduce their internal design and principles when necessary. The basic information quoted comes from the supplier’s catalog. There are many products in the catalog, including Boost and Buck power adapters and polarity conversion power adapters. . These devices have variable input and adjustable output, or fixed input and fixed output (+5V input, +3.3V output), or variable input and fixed output (from +8~+40V input to common + 5V, +12V or +15V output). Through reasonable design, these devices can be combined to boost the low voltage of 1-4 1.5V battery series units. Most of these devices are pulse-width modulated chips with fixed operating frequencies from 40kHz to 500kHz. Some devices also have a fixed pulse width, and the output can be adjusted by changing the operating frequency.


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